The second paper panel of the mini-symposium on religion in Europe addresses the religious scene in contemporary Europe, concentrating especially on the legal aspects of the matter.  Presenters will discuss the question of whether or not the controversies in contemporary Europe really revolve around religion or around ethnic difference; the ways in which courts have shaped relations between religion and state in a number of European countries; and the extent to which it is possible for liberal states to ground liberal values.  As a group, the presentations will provide the audience with a sweeping tour d'horizon of the relations between church and state in contemporary Europe.