In times of economic hardship, nations increase efforts to exclude those viewed as foreigners from access to nations' territory and economic, social, and political life. For example, we have recently seen the rise of anti-immigrant sentiment and political parties from Greece to Great Britain. As a fragile recovery takes hold in Europe, more subtle dynamics of exclusion also persist, such as through new communication and control technologies, globalization of trade and labor, and social austerity policies. In this panel, we examine the causes, trends, and consequences of exclusion--and inclusion--that are emerging during the economic crises. To what degree are they products of the new realities in Europe and to what degree are they resurrected from the past? Why and how have communities, states, and the European Union erected borders and demarcated boundaries? How do today's borders and boundaries change notions of belonging and citizenship and what implications do they have for the future of membership in European countries and for the European project?