According to several scholars, the global crisis that began in 2008 should bring capitalism back in the analysis of social movements. The "socio-economic underlyings" of collective struggle arguably played a central role in the recent "Arab Spring" (Catusse 2013), but also potentially in the "Indignados" and Occupy movements that emerged in Europe and North America in 2011 (Ancelovici, Dufour, and Nez, Forthcoming). But beyond the context of the crisis, Hetland and Goodwin (2013) argue that all social movements, even so-called post-materialist or identity ones, are shaped by socio-economic factors and the dynamics of capitalism. They propose not to return to a classical Marxist analysis but to trace and study in detail what capitalism does to mobilization and protest, how it affects the formation of new collective identities and solidarities, and how it raises or undermines barriers to collective action. This panel proposes to follow this lead through both quantitative analysis and qualitative case studies.