This panel is part of a broader collaborative project between Sciences Po Paris and the Sorbonne with faculty at Harvard, Long Island University, Rutgers, Paris III, and Sciences Po Paris. The project examines the relationship between security governance and subsequent forms of mobilization of immigrants and minorities in Europe and the US. The panelists will consider a series of questions: Does security governance change the scope, content and forms of mobilization of targeted groups (such as Hispanics and Muslims in the EU, and Muslims in various European countries)? If so, to what extent and in which ways do measures influence the form of participation (democratic political engagement, unconventional politics, or non political involvement)?  The papers will first identify the effects of legislation on the structural conditions (such as citizenship regimes, integration policies, and state-church relations) that can either hinder or facilitate mobilization. Second, the papers will examine the perception by minorities and immigrants of security governance in terms of discrimination, ethnic/religious identification, sense of national belonging, and civic incorporation. This step is crucial for a better understand of the variety of mobilization patterns among groups and across countries, ranging from passivity to protest politics and, ultimately, radicalization. Finally, the papers will consider the question of how security governance differentially affects minorities and immigrants living in large urban settings, small localities, or rural areas. The papers will focus on both the national and the local level in their analysis of the relationship between structural opportunities, migrants’ perceptions, and patterns of mobilization.