This panel explores a number of aspects of the relationship between religion and politics in European life throughout the twentieth century, and beyond. It addresses the ‘sacralization’ of politics in twentieth-century totalitarian movements, the politicization of reproduction by German Catholics in the second half of the twentieth-century, the place of mosques in the recent German political landscape, and the position of Catholicism and Islam in contemporary France.  In so doing, the panel will address some of the most pressing ‘religious’ issues that have faced and are facing Europeans in an era once thought to be extensively and increasingly ‘secular’.