This paper lays the theoretical foundations of a new approach based on the idea of adaptability of institutions, as their capacity to change in order to improve (or at least to preserve) their status and identity over time.
It first summarizes some studies and current research which are particularly relevant in order to understand the ongoing debate among scholars. Secondly, it describes the growing divides which exist in Europe. On the one hand, it considers citizens’ disengagement, radicalization of politics and deviation from traditional sources of legitimization as the main long term processes of change which encompass the crisis of the European democracies. On the other hand, it identifies the extreme problems of the current model of governance within the European Union.
The third part explains how the European democracies and the Union are behind in their process of adaptation while presenting a scenario for European integration.
The conclusion discusses why institutional systems and political regimes should be more adaptable if they want to provide sustainable future perspectives, survive crises, and preserve their identity.
