The third session of the symposium Notions of revolution and changing images of Europe is dedicated to the relationship between revolution and Europe in the twentieth century. In her paper, Samantha Lomb stresses the extent to which the Soviet Union considered itself as the culmination of a specifically European revolutionary tradition and as heir to the traditions of the Enlightenment. Highlighting actual continuities between the principles of the European Enlightenment and the official ideology of the Soviet Union, Lomb argues against widespread assumptions of the history of the Europe and of the Soviet Union. Eric Halsey analyses instead the views of Alexander Stamboliisky, the Agrarian Prime Minister of Bulgaria following the First World War, claiming that such views contained competing visions of Europe, modernization, revolution, and nationhood. Focusing on his understanding of Revolution and on Europe, the paper argues that such notions are central in grasping the European identity of the Balkans. In the third paper of the session, Florian Greiner examines perception of crisis, notions of revolution and images of Europe between 1914 and 1945, during the so-called ‘Second Thirty Years War’. His argument is that many of the consequences of the ‘technological revolution’ beginning at the end of the nineteenth century caused Europe to coalesce both physically and mentally. These developments were reflected in public discourses and increasingly shaped the debates about ‘Europe’. Katherine Sorrels looks at the Nobel laureate Alfred Fried’s notion of ‘revolutionary pacifism’, understood as the promotion of associations within and between societies through rapid and rational intellectual struggle, the result of which would be European unity. In the last paper of this session Francesco Mancuso analyses the relationship between the notion of Revolution, the Great War and the idea of democracy in the works of Italian historian Guglielmo Ferrero. The outcome is specific and peculiar idea of European identity.