In conversation with and in contrast to the previous session, we examine the persistent paradoxes and contradictions of belonging and inclusion specific to “visible minorities” in European societies that have been transformed by their very presence. How has belonging been conceptualized, imagined, embraced, rejected, and negotiated within these contexts, and what have been the effects on and in those regions, particularly with regard to national identities and traditions?  Our interest is in the connective tissue and lived facts of migration and settlement, citizenship and nationality, both historically and at present, along with the nuances of representations in media and film, all within the shifting terrain of contemporary Europe.