Through the gradual and ongoing process of globalisation as well as economic development patterns, existing approaches to international cooperation that were conceived in a more binary world of industrialized and developing countries needs to be rethought. Typically, however, many existing approaches to international cooperation persist due to the increasing returns they generate, and their continuation also affects the legitimacy and effectiveness of new and more innovative approaches.

This panel welcomes both theoretical and empirical contributions that look into evolving or persisting forms of cooperation between different (types of) actors (states, regional or like-minded groupings, etc.), as well as research  that problematizes categorizations (such as middle-income countries or rising powers) or theorizes the dynamics of transforming and transformative cooperation.