In many European countries, Muslim integration lags behind that of other groups with a similar migration history. The reasons for this are difficult to assess given that most Muslims immigrated either as guest workers or as colonial migrants. They thus had overall low educational and skill levels, a fact that hampers their and their children’s upward mobility in the receiving countries until today. The difficulty to disentangle social and religious background is complicated further by not being able to assess the role of religious factors as compared to these groups’ broader “cultural background”. In the proposed session, several papers try to tackle this issue by looking into different aspects and dimensions of Muslim migrants’ integration, by studying them in different national contexts and by using different methodological approaches. The studies look into the role of individual religiosity – or perceptions thereof by majority members – in explaining variation in migrants’ educational success, cultural and democratic attitudes, national identification and in the likelihood of being discriminated against. Data sources include two different large-scale and cross-national surveys (CILS4EU and EurIslam) as well as an experimental study on religious discrimination. Results show that the relationship between religiosity and integration is more complex than expected and that individual religiosity is often just one – and not the most important – factor when it comes to explaining variation in integration processes. It also seems to affect some indicators for integration more than other, seemingly related ones.