The second panel focuses on "Revolutions: Short and Long-Term Outcomes ". Here we compare both older and recent cases of revolution in order to better understand the conditions under which revolutions have contributed to varying democratic and non-democratic outcomes. In this respect we go beyond existing conceptualizations of revolutionary outcomes, not only by specifying the conditions under which revolutionary violence impacts positively or negatively on democratization, but also by showing how different revolutionary outcomes can better be explained by different types of revolution.